/* Generated with AuthorIT version 4.1.449  15.05.2004 21:05:54 */
Page=new Array();
Page[0]=new Array("The following sections offer explanations and help for questions or queries that may arise whilst using the product.  If you experience any technical difficulties with this products please e-mail us at help@thieme-chemistry.com<br /><br />For more information on this or any other of Thieme Chemistry's products please e-mail us at marketing@thieme-chemistry.com or contact our Marketing Department.","This Help File has been thoroughly put together and is continuously updated and expanded by Caroline Wain and Thomas Krimmer. Please do not hesitate to contact us directly if you are missing any special information.","Pharmaceutical Substances Help File","527.htm");
Page[1]=new Array("Copyright and all related rights reserved, especially the right of copying and distribution, multiplication and reproduction, as well as of translation. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, whether by photostat or microfilm or any other procedure, without previous written consent by the publisher. This also includes the use of electronic media of data processing on reproduction of any kind.","© 2004 Georg Thieme Verlag<br />Ruedigerstr 14<br />70469 Stuttgart<br />Germany","Copyright Notice","109.htm");
Page[2]=new Array("Pharmaceutical Substances is designed to be a complete reference guide to every pharmaceutical compound of significance. Providing comprehensive information for over 2,300 active pharmaceutical substances that are, or have been, marketed. The product is an essential first point of reference not only for specialists in drug chemistry but also for anyone involved in the synthesis, or use, of pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical Substances correlates all aspects of interest and establishes a link between generic and trivial names, structure, production/isolation processes, patents and literature, medical use and commercial information.","Offering comprehensive data in an accessible electronic format, Pharmaceutical Substances is intended as a standard reference tool for everyone who is interested in pharmaceuticals.","Introduction","528.htm");
Page[3]=new Array("The content of Pharmaceutical Substances has been carefully structured to provide fast and effective retrieval of all the information that it contains.  Each substance is listed alphabetically by its 'International Nonproprietary Name' (INN). Alternative generic names that are still in use are given together with trivial names in the field Synonyms, full details of medical applications, and therapeutic category, in the field Use. In addition, the molecular formula, molecular weight, CAS registry number and, where available, the ATC Code numbers and the EINECS Number are also provided, as well as data for acute toxicology and galenical formulations. A detailed description of the preparation of each substance is provided, including synthesis of intermediates. In many cases, different synthetic routes are described, especially for the most economically important drugs and also when there is some doubt as to which route is applied technically.<br /><br /> In the last section of each entry, the trade names in the six most important markets are listed, along with the company responsible for marketing the substance under that name and the year of introduction. The trade names given generally refer to preparations made solely from the relevant pharmaceutical substance, combinations are not normally included.","Each entry contains full bibliographic information covering alternative syntheses and applications. Patents are described by their patent number, origin, holder, application and priority dates. CASSI codes are given for literature references.<br /><br />Since publication of the fourth edition in print, many changes have been made. Companies disappeared or were purchased and the trade names of many products were changed. Some products were withdrawn from the market. In cases where the substance is of continued interest, or still known to some by its former trade name, an entry is included and the trade name appears with wfm next to it, indicating that it has been withdrawn from the market.","Content","529.htm");
Page[4]=new Array("Pharmaceutical Substances is updated biannually, with approximately 50 to 100 new compounds.","Updates","530.htm");
Page[5]=new Array("Pharmaceutical Substances is an entirely web based product, which does not require the installation of any specialized software on your computer.  Pharmaceutical Substances is supported on Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 and above (Windows NT 4.0 / 95 / 98 / 2000 / XP).","Browsers","531.htm");
Page[6]=new Array("Structure-searching possible using a choice of three structure-drawing software packages: Java Applet, ISIS/Draw and ChemDraw. <br /><br />Java Applet:<br />Provided your system allows Java to operate you can use the in-built Java Applet to carry out structure searching.<br /><br />ChemDraw:<br />Pharmaceutical Substances supports ChemDraw version 7.0. No additional software is required.<br /><br />ISIS/Draw:<br />To use ISIS/Draw you must download and install our client plugin: icclient.zip.<br /><br />ISIS/Draw must be installed before the client plugin, as the plugin requires to be saved in the ISIS/Draw folder.<br /><br />If you do not have ISIS/Draw on your machine you can license, download and install ISIS/Draw first: www.mdli.com.","After installation restart your computer!","Structure Drawing Software","532.htm");
Page[7]=new Array("This section explains how to enter into Pharmaceutical Substances and explains things that you need to know when starting to use the product.","Getting Started","533.htm");
Page[8]=new Array("Enter your username and password in the appropriate boxes on the Pharmaceutical Substances' login page:<br />","http://www.thieme-chemistry/ps/prod/index.html<br />","Clicking on the start button will bring you directly to the start page.  Users with an IP address will be immediately logged in to the start page.","If your IP address is not automatically recognized you will need to obtain a username and password to log onto Pharmaceutical Substances. Please note that your Pharmaceutical Substances' user ID only provides access for one user at any particular time.","If you have problems with login, please e-mail us at: help@thieme-chemistry.com","Remember to download ISIS/Draw and the plugin if you intend to use ISIS/Draw for the structure search functionality of Pharmaceutical Substances!","Login","534.htm");
Page[9]=new Array("The Header Frame appears at all times within Pharmaceutical Substances.  Links to the Thieme-Chemistry Homepage, Pharmaceutical Substances information pages and the Help File, are accessible at all times.  The product imprints are also available in this frame.","Click on the Thieme Chemistry Logo to go to the Thieme Chemistry homepage","Click on 'Website' to be taken directly to Pharmaceutical Substances Web page","Click on 'Help' to enter this help file","Click on 'Imprints' to read the imprints and copyright notices","Header Frame","535.htm");
Page[10]=new Array("Pharmaceutical Substances' Start Page has several important components that are described in this section.  The frame on the left-hand side of the screen allows the user to constantly view their current location within the Pharmaceutical Substances database.  The Advanced Search Interface and Documents contained within the database are always displayed in the right hand frame.","<br />The other components available from the start page are listed below under 'In This Section'.","Start Page","536.htm");
Page[11]=new Array("The Quick Search Query Field appears to the left of the Search Button, and is the field where search queries can be entered for carrying out a Quick Search.  By clicking on the field a cursor will appear allowing text queries to be typed.  Using the quick search function allows the user to search all of the text contained within all fields within the product (a Fulltext search).","Quick Search Query Field","537.htm");
Page[12]=new Array("The Search Button appears at the top of the left hand frame, to the right of the Quick Search Query Field. The Search Button is used to begin a Quick Search.  Having typed the query term in the Quick Search Query Field click on the Search Button to start the search, and retrieve hits.","Search Button","538.htm");
Page[13]=new Array("The Advanced Search Button brings the user to the Advanced Search interface where more refined and detailed searches can be carried out.  Advanced searching permits certain areas of the database to be searched as well as the Fulltext searching, structure searching, and combined searching to ensure the most relevant information is provided.","Advanced Search Button","539.htm");
Page[14]=new Array("The Go To Button (in the left hand frame) presents all the hits found in a search in an alphabetical index, giving a clear overview of the hits.  This list allows the user to move quickly through long hit lists, viewing sections of the Hit List that contain hits with relevant first letters.","Tip: Using the 'Go To' function in the Book Mode gives direct access to all entries starting with a certain letter of the alphabet!","Go To Button","540.htm");
Page[15]=new Array("The Hit List Navigation buttons provide a fast and effective way of scanning the hits obtained from a search.  The six buttons allow the user to browse through the Hit List as follows:","Display the first page of the list (in the results frame on the left hand side)","Display the previous page of the list (in the results frame on the left hand side)","Display the previous Hit / Entry (in the document frame on the right hand side)","Display the next Hit / Entry (in the document frame on the right hand side)","Display the next page of the list (in the results frame on the left hand side)","Display the last page of the list (in the results frame on the left hand side)","Hit List Navigation Buttons","541.htm");
Page[16]=new Array("The Book Mode Button gives access to all entries contained within the database listed in alphabetical order, allowing the user to browse the product much as one would with a traditional encyclopedia.","Once in Book Mode the Hit List Navigation Buttons are used to browse through the pages in the same way as they are used for Hit Lists.","Tip: Using the Go To function in the Book Mode gives direct access to all entries starting with a certain letter of the alphabet!","Book Mode Button","542.htm");
Page[17]=new Array("The Search History Button brings the user to the search history interface where all searches made within a particular session are listed indicating what was searched and the number of hits found.","Search History Button","543.htm");
Page[18]=new Array("The Status Field displays the current mode of operation for the program.  For example when carrying out a search, the total number of hits generated by a particular search is displayed here and the location of the user within those hits is also indicated.","Status Field","544.htm");
Page[19]=new Array("Pharmaceutical Substances can be searched using the Quick Search or Advanced Search interfaces.","Search Functionalities","545.htm");
Page[20]=new Array("Quick Search permits the user to enter a query and search the entire text content of the database for relevant information.  When entering a query Wild Cards may also be used to achieve as broad a search as possible.","How do I make a Quick Search?","Enter the query term into the Quick Search Query Field in the left hand frame.","Click on the Search Button beside the Quick Search field to start the search.","The fist 15 hits will be displayed in the bottom of the left hand frame.  Browse through the Hit List using the Hit List Navigation Buttons or using the Go To Button alphabetical listing in order to find the most relevant information.","Click on the relevant Hit from the Hit List to display the entry document in the right hand frame.","Quick Search","546.htm");
Page[21]=new Array("The Advanced Search interface allows refined and specific searches to be carried out.  Both text and structure searches can be carried out together or individually.  These detailed searches ensure that only the most relevant information is retrieved, saving time and providing an effective route to the database entries of interest.","How Do I Open the Advanced Search interface?","Click on the Advanced Search Button that appears in the left frame, to open the Advanced Search interface in the right frame.","Advanced Search","547.htm");
Page[22]=new Array("Pharmaceutical Substances is completely text searchable and allows you to use a variety of logic arguments to refine your text searches.  For text searching an Index Function is available and also Wild cards. The possibility to combine search terms is available for both, text/text and structure/text combinations.","Text Searching","548.htm");
Page[23]=new Array("Wild Cards may be used anywhere within a searched term as a character substitution, or at the beginning or end to truncate the term.  Wild cards may be used for both Quick Searches and Advanced Searches.","The asterisk * represents any number of characters, including zero. ","The question mark ? represents only one optional character, and therefore will produce hits for the core term and the core term plus one character. ","The exclamation mark ! represents one character. ","How do I use a Wild Card?","Simply type the search query into the desired Search Query Field and then add either an asterisk or an exclamation mark on to the end of the query term, as required.<br />If unsure of the spelling of a query term replace any questionable characters with a question mark.","Begin the search and retrieve the hits by clicking on the Search Button.","Wild Cards","549.htm");
Page[24]=new Array("The Index Button at the end of each Search Query Field, available on the Advanced Search interface, may be used to access all related terms of your query from the index list.  This function ensures that the terms searched for are contained within the database and immediately refines and improves the search.","How do I use the Index Function?","Type the first few letters of your query in the Search Query Field and then click on the index button to generate the list of entries in your chosen text Search Field.","Select from the index list the appropriate term, which is then automatically transferred to the Search Query Field.","Begin the search and retrieve the hits by clicking on the Search Button in the Advanced Search interface.","Index Function","550.htm");
Page[25]=new Array("In addition to a full text search, that allows you to search all fields of an entry (with the exception of the references), for any given word or part of a word, Pharmaceutical Substances offers the chance to only search numerous specific fields of the entries, which is a powerful tool for researchers. The individual fields can be selected on the Advanced Search interface are detailed in this section:","INN","Synonyms"," ATC","Use","Chem. Name"," Formula","CAS-RN","EINECS","Subst. Class","Enzymes","Trade Name ","Vendor","How do I use the Search Fields?","In the Advanced Search Interface click on the arrow to the right of where the word 'Fulltext' appears, to reveal the drop down Menu containing all the Search Fields.","Scroll through the Menu and select the field of the entry you wish to search in.","Enter the query term into the Query Search Field.","Begin the search and retrieve the hits by clicking on the Search Button.","Search Fields","551.htm");
Page[26]=new Array("The 12 Search Fields that can be used for text searching from the Advanced Search interface are described in the following section.","Text Search Fields","552.htm");
Page[27]=new Array("The International Nonproprietary Names (INN) of Pharmaceutical Substances, which form the title of each monograph, are shown in the first line of the document window. All their Synonyms in use for this compound are shown in the second line. When modifiers precede the Substance Name, e.g., a-Acetyldigoxin and ß-Acetyldigoxin, this modifier is not indexed. Both Substances appear as Acetyldigoxin in the INN index.","Tip: You can search for greek characters in the full text simply by typing their names, e.g. alpha, beta.","INN &amp; Synonyms","553.htm");
Page[28]=new Array("The content of the Name field in the document window can be split into small segments to give the Chemical Name Segment (CNS). All chemical names are written according to the IUPAC chemical substance naming convention.","<br />Example: The IUPAC name of Levothyroxine is O-(4-hydroxy- 3,5- diiodophenyl)- 3,5- diiodo- L- tyrosine. Using any of the component words as CNS search term, e.g., hydroxy, 3 or tyrosine, will show Levothyroxine as a hit.<br />The word diiodophenyl is split into three words di, iodo and phenyl and can be found using only one of these roots or any combination of them.<br />Any of the CNS search terms di, iodo, phenyl, diiodophenyl, iodophenyl or diiodo will give Levothyroxine as a hit.","Chem. Name","554.htm");
Page[29]=new Array("You can also search by the Molecular Formula, which is a list of atom symbols and atom counts pertaining to one formula unit. Molecular Formulas are written in Hill System Order. For substances containing both carbon and hydrogen atoms, the Molecular Formula starts with the carbon- and hydrogen atom counts. All other elements are then listed alphabetically. For multi-component substances, all components are indexed separately. When stoichiometric factors precede the component Molecular Formula , they are not considered for the Molecular Formula index.","Example 1: C8H9AsNNaO5 is the indexed Molecular Formula for Acetarsol. ","Example 2: The Molecular Formula of Timolol Maleate is C13H24N4O3S · C4H4O4. There are two index entries for this substance: C13H24N4O3S and C4H4O4.","Example 3: The Molecular Formula of Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate is C20H22ClN3O · 2HCl · 2H2O. There are three Molecular Formula index entries for this compound: C20H22ClN3O, HCl and H2O.","Formula","555.htm");
Page[30]=new Array("The Chemical Abstracts Service Registration Numbers (CAS-RN) for title compounds or their derivatives are shown in the CAS-RN display field of the document window.","CAS-RN","556.htm");
Page[31]=new Array("In 1981, the WHO Regional Office for Europe recommended the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. In the ATC system, drugs are divided into fourteen main groups (1st level), with one pharmacological/theraputic subgroup (2nd level). The 3rd and 4th levels are chemical/pharmacological/theraputic subgroups and the 5th level is the chemical substance<br />The complete classification of simvastatin illustrates the structure of the code:<br /><br />C				Cardiovascular System<br />C10				Serum Lipid Reducing Agents<br />C10A				Cholesterol and Triglyceride Reducers<br />C10AA				HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors<br />C10AA01			Simvastatin<br /><br />The ATC classification system was originally based on the main principles of the Anatomical Classification (AC-system) developed by the European Pharmaceutical Market Research Association (EPhMRA) and the Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence and Research Group (PBIRG).","ATC Code","557.htm");
Page[32]=new Array("The European Inventory of Existing Commercial Substances, published in its final version on June 15th, 1990. It lists and defines those chemical substances that were available in the European Community market between Jan. 1st 1971 and Sep. 18th 1981. For additional information on EINECS, please contact:<br /><br /><br />Europe:Office for Official Publications of the European Community	<br />2, Rue Mercier<br />L-2985 Luxembourg<br />Tel: 011-352-499281<br />Fax: 011-352-488573<br /><br />North America <br />European Union Delegation of the European Commission<br />Attn: Public Affair<br />2300 M Street, N.W.<br />Washington, D.C. 20036<br />Tel: 1-202-862-9539<br />Fax: 1-202-429-1766","EINECS Number","558.htm");
Page[33]=new Array("The major Uses of the respective Pharmaceutical Substance are described. Minor Uses are not listed.","Use","559.htm");
Page[34]=new Array("The Trade Name(s) section lists the trade names for different countries and the companies responsible for marketing. A Trade Name displayed with wfm (&quot;withdrawn from market&quot;) beside it indicates that the Pharmaceutical Substance is no longer available on the market, through this company under this Trade Name.<br />When searching in the field Trade Name, be aware, that the companies responsible for marketing of the particular Pharmaceutical Substance are not indexed in this field, but instead are indexed separately in the field Vendor.","Trade Name &amp; Vendor","560.htm");
Page[35]=new Array("The Substance Class each Pharmaceutical Substances belongs to are listed under the Substance details at the top of the document window. The indexed Substance Class are all given as active links. Clicking on the desired Substance Class will open a list in the results frame on the left hand side of the Pharmaceutical Substances pertaining to that Substance Class. Selecting a Substance Name will display the selected substance in the document frame on the right hand side. Other Substance Class which are similar, or related, to the selected one will be given after the phrase &quot;see also&quot;.<br />","Tip 1: Whilst performing a search, you can limit its scope to within a specific Substance Class by selecting the Substance Class search field in combination with any other text or structure search query in the Advanced Search Interface.","Tip 2: To return to the previous view in the results frame (e.g. your search results list) click on 'Back to previous view' at the bottom of the list of Substance Class.","Subst. Class","561.htm");
Page[36]=new Array("In this search field, Enzymes, Microorganisms, Plants and Animal Tissues are listed. This index is useful for locating syntheses of Pharmaceutical Substance entries that feature any of the above-mentioned types of entities.","Clicking on the desired Enzyme will open a list in the results frame on the left hand side of the Pharmaceutical Substances that feature the respective Enzyme in their synthesis. Selecting a Substance Name will display the selected substance in the document frame on the right hand side.","Featured Enzymes, Microorganisms, Plants and Animal Tissues are also listed near the beginning of each entry, underneath the Substance Classes where appropriate, and can be used in the same way as described  for Substance Classes.","Enzymes","562.htm");
Page[37]=new Array("Carrying out Structure Searches is possible using the Advanced Search interface.  A choice of three drawing software packages is available permitting searches to be made for Substructures, Exact Structures and Reactions.","How Do I make a Structure Search?","Select the preferred drawing software from the three that are available at the top of the Advanced Search interface.","Click on the Draw Button to open the Draw Window.","Enter the structure query and transfer it back to the Advanced Search interface using the transfer button in the Draw Window.","Check and select the required Structure Search Options.","Begin the search and retrieve the hits by clicking on the Search Button in the Advanced Search interface.","Structure Searching","563.htm");
Page[38]=new Array("On the Advanced Search interface there is a choice of ISIS/Draw, ChemDraw and the Java Applet to be used for entering structure queries.","To select the software simply select the radio button beside the software name.","Having done this, clicking on the Draw Button will automatically open the selected drawing software program.","If ISIS/Draw does not automatically start, uninstall the plugins and reinstall them as described in Structure Drawing Software section.","For help on using the drawing software please see the following sites: <br />ISIS/DRAW - www.mdli.com <br />ChemDraw - www.cambridgesoft.com","Selecting Structure Drawing Software","564.htm");
Page[39]=new Array("The draw window for each of the three structure drawing software packages is slightly different and users are advised to try all three and then use whichever tool they find more intuitive.","Functions contained within the draw window allow the user to draw reactions, exact structures, and substructures.","How Do I Open the Draw Window?","Select the preferred drawing software from the three that are available at the top of the Advanced Search interface.","Click on the Draw Button or on the Structure Query Display to automatically open the Draw Window of the selected software.","Draw Window","565.htm");
Page[40]=new Array("To transfer the structure query to the Structure/Reaction query box on the Advanced Search Interface, click on the Transfer Mode icon in the top left hand corner of the ISIS/Draw window or on the button with the label 'Transfer' that appears bottom left in both the ChemDraw and Java Applet draw windows.","Transferring a Structure Query","566.htm");
Page[41]=new Array("The Structure Search options are located above the search window in the Advanced Search interface.","Three types of Structure Searches can be carried out as outlined below:","Substructure Search locates all molecules containing the substructure drawn.","Structure Exact Search finds only molecules with the exact structure drawn.","Reaction Search allows the specification of reactants and/or products within a reaction scheme, and finds all molecules with the substructure drawn.","The program automatically activates or deactivates the types of search that can be carried out according to the structure that has been drawn in the Draw Window. ","When an arrow has been included in the drawing the Reaction Search is selected and when the drawing contains no arrows, then the Reaction Search is inactive, and the user can choose between Substructure Search or Structure Exact Search.","Structure Search Options","567.htm");
Page[42]=new Array("The operators in front of the text query search fields on the Advanced Search interface may be used to link structure searches with text searches, and text searches with text searches.","The operators and, or, not, and near may be used to link search terms in any search field.","and may be used to search for two or more terms which appear in the same document. ","or may be used when the user wants to search for any one of several terms in the same document. ","not may be used to specifically omit a term within a document. ","near retrieves searched terms which appear in the same sentence, paragraph, or scheme. For example, near may be used to link structures and text, such as intermediates within the same scheme.","Combined Searches","568.htm");
Page[43]=new Array("The Hit List appears in the left hand frame of the screen, below the Status Field.","The hits from a particular search are listed alphabetically, a maximum of 15 hits is displayed at one time, and longer lists can be browsed using the Navigation Buttons or the Go To Button.","The Status Field displays the total number of hits and on selecting a hit further indicates which hit is currently being viewed from the total number of hits.","How do I use the Hit List?","Having entered the search queries and clicking on the Search Button the Hit List will appear in the left hand frame on the screen.","Look through the lists of hits in succession by using the Navigation Buttons or get an alphabetically listed overview of the hits acquired by clicking on the Go To Button.","On seeing a hit of interest simply click on the word to display the document in the right hand frame of the screen.","The hit being viewed appears with a red marker beside it in the Hit List.  To view a further hit simply browse the Hit List again and select any further documents of interest.","Hit List","569.htm");
Page[44]=new Array("The Search History interface provides a list of all searches carried out during one login session.  The search query entries used, along with the number of hits found are displayed in a table with all the searches being listed in the order that they where carried out.  By browsing the Search History interface search queries can be modified and improved without repeating the same searches twice.","How do I use the Search History Interface?","After having performed several searches, open the Search History interface by clicking on the Search History Button.","Look through the list of searches and select the search to be modified again by clicking on the search number on the left hand side.","On arriving at the Advanced Search the queries previously made will already be entered.  Modify the relevant fields and restart the search.","Search History","570.htm");
Page[45]=new Array("Ac","acetyl","I","Italy","ACE","angiotensin converting enzyme","i.a.","interaarterial","Ala","alanine","Ile","isoleucine","amp.","Ampoules","i.m.","intramuscular","appl.","application (patent)","immobil.","immobilized","aq.","Aqueous","IN","Indian","Arg","arginine","inf.","infusion","Asn","asparagines","inj.","injection","Asp","aspartic acid","i.p.","intraperitoneally","ATC","ATC code","i.v.","intravenously","BINAP","[1,1'-binapthalene]-2,2'-diylbis[diphenylphosphine]","I.U.","international units","Boc","tert-butoxycarbonyl","J","Japan","BPH","benign prostatic hyperplasia","LD50","lethal dose 50%","Bu","butyl","Leu","leucine","BuLi","butyllithium","LHRH","luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone","Cbo","carbobenzoxy or benzyloxycarbonyl","liq.","liquid","cf.","confer (compare)","lyo.","lyophilizate","CN","chemical name (Chemical Abstracts Registry name [uninverted]) Note: CA Registry names underly changes without notice","Lys","lysine","comb.","combination preparation","M","mouse","conc.","Concentrated","Me","CH3 (in structural formulas)","cps.","Capsules","Met","methionine","Cys","cysteine","MF","molecular formula","D","Germany","Mf","mouse female","DAS","Deutsche Auslegungsschrift","Ml","milliliter","DCC","dicyclohexylcarbodiimide","Mm","mouse, male","DEAD","diethylazodicarboxylate","MW","molecular weight","DIBAL","dibutylaluminium hydride","NBS","N-bromosuccinimide","DK","Denmark","P","page","DMAA","N,N-dimethylacetamide","p.o.","per os (orally)","DMAP","4-(dimethylamino)pyridine","prior.","priority (patent)","DMF","N,N-dimethylformamide","Pro","proline","DMSO","dimethylsulfoxide","Psi","pounds per square inch","DOS","Deutsche Offenlegungsschrift","q. v.","quod vide (which see)","drg.","Dragees","R","rat","DRP","Deutsches Reichpatent","Rf","rat, female","EDCi","N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride","Rm","rat, male","eff.","Effervescent","RN","Chemical Abstracts Registry Number<br />Note: CA Registry Numbers underly changes without notice","eff. gran.","effervescent granules","s.c.","subcutaneously","eff. tabl.	","effervescent tablets","Ser","serine","e.g.","exempli gratia (for example)","SIE","saccharase inhibitory unit","EINECS","EINECS Registry Number","sol.","solution","Encycl.","Encyclopedia","s.r.","sustained release","enzym.","Enzymatic","suppos.","suppositories","eq.","Equivalent","susp.","Suspension","ES","Spain","tabl.","tablets","F","France","temp.","temperature","f. c. drg.","film coated dragees","THF","tetrahydrofuran","f. c. tabl","film coated tablet","Thr","Threonine","ff","and the following pages","Tos","tosyl, 4-methylphenylsulfonyl","fract.","Fractionated","TosOH","4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid","HMPT","hexamethylphosphoric triamide","Trp","Tryptophan","HMG-CoA","Hydroxymethylglutaryl-<br />coenzyme A","Tyr","Tyrosine","His","Histidine","US","United States of America","HOBt","1-Hydroxybenzotriazole","Val","valine","HPLC","high-performance liquid chromatography","Z","benzyloxycarbonyl","Hv","irradiation","Abbreviations","571.htm");
Page[46]=new Array("In order to assist users of Pharmaceutical Substances we have compiled a list of the most frequently asked questions from users of the program. If you have any questions which are not answered below please contact the marketing department and we will endeavor to help you with your inquiry.","FAQs","572.htm");
Page[47]=new Array("Q:","When conducting a search for patent information I type in the patent code as seen in another database but I get no hits even though I am sure that this compound appears in Pharmaceutical Substances. Why?","A:","In order to search the patent references contained in Pharmaceutical Substances the patent number has to be entered in a specific format. In Pharmaceutical Substances each patent reference is entered in three digit groups separated by a space. See below:","AU 9 189 615","DE 70 459 ","DRP 327 129","EP 33 538 ","GB 800 635","US 5 159 104","So if you have a five-digit code enter the first three numbers, then add a space, and then enter the final two numbers. We intend to remove the program's sensitivity to spacing with the next update at the end of 2004.","Searching Using Patent Codes","573.htm");
Page[48]=new Array("Q:","How can I find information in Pharmaceutical Substances on patent expiry dates?","A:","Pharmaceutical Substances is intended as a reference work that allow the user to rapidly assess the relevance of a compound for their purposes, and directs the user to the correct source of information within the primary literature. Hence, it does not contain comprehensive patent information, expiry data is not included. However, all patent applications are included, so that when this product is used in conjunction with a patent database the user can quickly find the information they need.","Patent Expiry Dates","574.htm");
Page[49]=new Array("Q:","I use Pharmaceutical Substances in conjunction with other references including patent databases, citation indices, and reference works on synthetic methodologies (such as Houben—Weyl). Is it possible to create hyper links between these individual information sources?","A:","Pharmaceutical Substances has been developed using a framework that can potentially allow users to integrate the program with all other online Thieme Chemistry products at some point in the future. However, at present the cross linking software is being developed and will not be implemented in the near future. Please visit this web site for any future developments in product integration.","Hyper Linking to other Products","575.htm");
Page[50]=new Array("Q: ","When searching using a substructure I obtain numerous hits that do not relate to the compound for which I am searching. Why?","A:","If you have entered a structure that contains only the carbon atom framework without the correct bond orders the program will not recognize the fragment as a substructure contained in your particular substance. Please ensure that all bond orders within the fragment are correct. If the problem persists please contact us for assistance.","Hits From a Substructure Search","576.htm");
Page[51]=new Array("Q:","Using ISIS/Draw or ChemDraw I have entered a stereochemical representation of a structure to use in a search query and I get no hits. Why?","A:","Due to the nature of the data contained in Pharmaceutical Substances it is not possible to search the database using stereospecific structures. Structures should be drawn without stereochemistry to allow all the possible hits to be presented. Unfortunately, Pharmaceutical Substances is not capable of translating 'up' and 'down' bonds into two dimensional bonds.","Stereochemical Structure Searches","577.htm");
Page[52]=new Array("Q:","How can I search for intermediate products in a multi step reaction scheme by drawing a reaction in the ISIS / Draw interface?","A:","It is not possible to specify intermediate products within a multi-step reaction. So, a reaction where A is the reactant, B is an intermediate product, and C is a product is not searchable as such. It is however, possible to search for the reaction A to C, or A to B, or B to C.","Intermediate Product Searching","578.htm");
Page[53]=new Array("Q:","The reaction schemes on the screen appear to have a good resolution but when I print them out the images seem rather pixilated. Is this normal?","A:","Although the resolution of the structures contained in Pharmaceutical Substances have been enhanced since the production of the CD-ROM edition they are still intended for on screen viewing. As such the resolution of the printed monographs is not optimal and is designed to be readable but not to be used for reproduction on other media.","Printing Reaction Schemes","579.htm");
Page[54]=new Array("Q:","When entering INN in the query list and then clicking on the index button a list of every compound available is produced on the left hand side of the screen. However, when I click on a name I am not taken to the compound. Why not?","A:","The INN of the entry which you have clicked on now appears in the search field on the right. If you now press the search button you will be taken straight to the relevant monograph.","Using the Index Function","580.htm");
Page[55]=new Array("Q:","In the table labeled &quot;Substances Referenced in Synthesis Path&quot; molecular entities appear with a molecular formula but no name or CAS-RN. Why?","A:","These entities represent a molecule that may only be a transitory intermediate that is not isolable, or it may be of undetermined structure. As such this molecule has not been assigned a CAS-RN or a systematic name.","Substances Referenced in Synthesis Path Table","581.htm");
Page[56]=new Array("For more information on Thieme Chemistry's products please e-mail us at marketing@thieme-chemistry.com or contact our Marketing Department:<br />","Marketing Department<br />Thieme Chemistry<br />Ruedigerstr. 14<br />70469 Stuttgart<br />Germany<br />Phone: +49 711 8931 771 or 772<br />Fax: +49 711 8931 777","If you experience any technical difficulties with one of our products please e-mail us at help@thieme-chemistry.com","Contact","582.htm");
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